The work explores the many implications of the Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) norms in conformity to the TRIPS agreement with specific reference to the developing countries, particularly India. Taking into consideration elements relating to TRIPS, IPR, sustainable human development and public interest, it addresses concerns of developing countries in the context of their socio-economic conditions and challenges. A comprehensive coverage, it reviews the effect of the TRIPS agreement on crucial issues like innovation, copyright and trade. It discusses dissemination of technology and technology transfer, access to health care and public health issues, agriculture and use of genetic resources and the scenario concerning use and significance of traditional knowledge in relation to the TRIPS agreement. It examines the operation of multilateral environmental agreements with special reference to the Convention on Biological Diversity.