Synopsis Both India and China are the two great civilizations of the world and the contributors to this volume have attempted to understand the cultural roots of Chinese Buddhism. The roots of Chinese Buddhism lie in the spiritual traditions of Hinduism especially the Vedanta and its most subtle and sophisticated development in the Advaita Vedanta of Sankara. India is the homeland of Buddhism but China is the greatest store house of Buddhist literature. Through understanding and clarification of cultural roots of Chinese Buddhism in the spiritual traditions of India, we shall be in a position to get rid of the elements of confusion and misunderstanding between the two great civilizations of the world. We can thus march into the third millennium with greater understanding of the roots of Chinese Buddhism in Indian thought without even the least clash of civilizations. The present volume is an attempt to that end.