This book seeks to provide new insight into three disciplines of science, namely, astronomy, mathematics and medicine. Upholding the claim of Uddalaka Aruni, an Upanishadic seer, as the first scientist in the world, it establishes the view that Vedanga Jyotish was based on the data preserved by the pre-Aryans.

Further it presents a new approach to the understanding of the scientific potential of the Sulbasutras, works of proto-geometry and mensuration recorded in ancillary Vedic literature. Reviewing the Caraka Samhita and Susruta Samhita, it traces the roots of idealist philosophy as found in the Upanishads. Finally, it analyzes the place of Rabindranath Tagore in the Indian philosophical traditions.