Synopsis This work is the first of its kind in India to deal with the subject of Indian Music in the socio-cultural perspective. The author describes the Indian Music Scenario in the Post-Independence period highlighting the changes from the pre-independence period in the areas of patronage, performance and pursuit of academic studies. An attempt has been made in the Golden Jubilee year of Independence to corelate the political and socio-cultural changes in the past fifty years with musical developments.