This volume is quite unique and timely in terms of consolidating some of the most recent theroetical, R&D as well as empirical analyses of the performance outcomes and farm level responses. It is also timely as it unfolds the debate on the wider adoption of Bt. technology, which addresses some of the apprehensions that prevail over the GM crop varieties. The volume provides a holistic perspective on the state of Bt cotton technology in India, in terms of presenting the instiutional, R&D, policy regimes and regulatory environments, that are seemingly inadequate to address the technology and its legitimacy and social relevance in rendering future of cotton farming more sustainable and inclusive. To the best of our understanding, this volume is perhaps the first of its kind that engages with the critical aspects of Bt cotton adoption in India since its introducation in 2003.