India's rural economy in the 21st century must break free from the shackles of the past and concentrate on commercialising agriculture so as to enable a decent standard of living for the rural people as migration to urban areas is at best a temporary solution. The primary, secondary and tertiary sectors of the rural economy must contribute to the livelihoods of the rural people. Agriculture is no more a way of life to be taken up if there is no other option but has to be very business-oriented, with much more efficiency and cost-effectiveness. This book seeks to open up paths for rural development and growth especially for the younger generation of rural people. Science and Technology along with Management Techniques, has to be harnessed and efficient markets made available, if rural India is to prosper and if the rural people are to get their just dues. The cultivator must be able to provide for his family and earn a decent living as also the rural artisans and weavers and others contributing to the rural service sectors. This book has four major sections with the first section on "Understanding Rural Development", having 4 chapters and the second section on "Introducing Changes" with 5 chapters. The third Section is on "Appropriate Policies and Initiatives" with 5 chapters while the fourth section is on "Rural Livelihoods Needed" and has 4 chapters. This book is useful for all students of Rural Development as it enables a firm grasp on the subject and the work that is yet unfinished. This book will also be useful for policy-makers and bankers who have a stake in the rejuvenation of the rural economy.