The volumes of the Project of History of Indian Science, Philosophy and Culture (Phispc) aim at discovering the main aspects of India’s heritage and present them in an interrelated way. These volumes, in spite of their unitary look, recognize the difference between the areas of material civilization and those of ideational culture. The Project is not being executed by a single group of thinkers and writers who are methodologically uniform or ideologically identical in their commitments. In fact, contributions are made by different scholars with different ideological persuasions and methodological approaches. The Project is marked by what may be called ‘methodological pluralism’. In spite of its primary historical character, this Project, both in its conceptualization and execution, has been shaped by many scholars drawn from different disciplines. It is for the first time that an endeavour of such a unique and comprehensive character has been undertaken to study critically a major world civilization like India. The history of agriculture in the present volume (V Part II) is concerned with the development of agriculture in various aspects in Medieval and Modern India. It has been divided in two sections: Section I on Agriculture in Medieval and Modern India up to 1947 and Section II on Agriculture in Post Independence India from 1947 up to the present.